Apparatus for signaling circle of friends

ABSTRACT

A device and method is provided for signaling an affinity of a peer device. According to one embodiment, the device receives a wireless signal from the peer device and determines the presence of the peer device based on the received signal. The device is able to detect the peer device when the peer device is within the vicinity or a certain proximity of the device. The received signal carries an affinity code of the peer device so that the device can detect the affinity of the peer device by comparing the received affinity code with its preset affinity code. If the two affinity code match, the device notifies the user of the presence of another user and signals that the two users share the same affinity.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/880,689, filed Oct. 12, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/858,620, filed Apr. 8, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No.9,172,725), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/636,162 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,417,777), filed Dec. 11, 2009. Thedisclosures of the foregoing patent applications are incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties.

FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a signaling device, and moreparticularly to an apparatus for notifying its user of a presence ofanother user sharing an affinity.

BACKGROUND

In any social event, including but not limited to a pre-arrangedgathering or a random encounter, people usually like to identifythemselves as belonging to a certain group or an organization. Themembers of such a group or organization usually share a common interestor a goal and therefore are willing to identify other members who arealso present. However, in many situations, this is not an easy task. Forexample, at a music concert, the members of a music club or a group offriends would like to know if there are any other members nearby. Unlessthese group members know one another and agree upon a time and placebeforehand to meet at the concert, it is almost impossible to know anddetect the presence of the other members or friends. Although thesegroup members can wear an outfit or other personal items that signaltheir affiliation or affinity, it is still difficult for them tovisually detect and recognize one another, particularly in crowdedenvironments. It is therefore desirable to notify a person to thepresence of another person sharing the same affinity or interest.

SUMMARY

Described herein are various embodiments of an invention for signalingan affinity. Within the context of this description, the term “affinity”refers to the affiliation of a person with an interest group, i.e., agroup of people who have a common interest.

In one embodiment, the interest group may include, but is not limitedto, a sports team, a group of fans of the sports team, a professionalorganization, a political group, a group of people self-organized for aparticular event, such as a concert, a campaign, a festival, etc. Inanother embodiment, the interest group may only include two persons whoshare a common goal. For example, in a dating event, the interest groupincludes two persons who agree to meet each other and wish to establisha relationship. After reading this description, one skilled in the artwill readily recognize that other forms of the interest group are withinthe context of this invention.

In keeping with the above embodiments and for ease of reference, theterm “an affinity of a device” refers to the affinity of a user of thedevice, which in turn refers to the affiliation of the user with acertain interest group.

According to some embodiments, a device for signaling an affinitycomprises a receiver for receiving a signal transmitted by a peerdevice, a processor for determining an affinity of the peer device inaccordance with the signal, and a signal generator for generating anotification indicative of the affinity of the peer device in responseto the received signal.

In keeping with these embodiments, the signal carries an affinity codeindicative of the affinity of the peer device. The affinity of the peerdevice indicates an affiliation of a user of the peer device with aninterest group.

In some further embodiments, the device further comprises a memory forstoring a predetermined affinity code indicative of an affinity of thedevice. The device may include a transmitter for transmitting anoutgoing signal carrying the predetermined affinity code associated withthe device. The device further includes an input interface for receivingthe predetermined affinity code input by a user for storing in thememory. The receiver further receives the predetermined affinity codefor storing in the memory.

According to one embodiment, the processor determines that the affinitycode of the peer device matches the predetermined affinity code andgenerates a triggering signal for triggering the notification.

According to some other embodiments, the processor further determinesthat the peer device is within a vicinity of the device based on acharacteristic of the received signal. The characteristic of thereceived signal includes the strength of the received signal. Thenotification further indicates that the peer device is within thevicinity of the device.

According to another embodiment, the device further comprises a housingaffixed to a user, wherein the receiver, the processor, and thenotification generator are attached to the housing.

According to some further embodiments, the device comprises a positionlocator for determining the location of the device. The position locatormay include a receiver for receiving a signal indicative of the locationof the device. The position locator can receive signals from acommunications network and determines the location of the device basedon the signals. Alternatively, the signal further carries information ofthe location of the peer device and the processor determines thedistance between the device and the peer device based on the location ofthe device and the location of the peer device.

According to still another embodiment, the signal generator includes alight source and the notification may include a light signal.Alternatively, the signal generator includes a sound generator and thenotification may include a sound signal. Still alternatively, the signalgenerator may include a display unit for displaying the affinity code ofthe peer device and information of a user of the peer device.

According to some embodiments, a device for signaling an affinity of apeer device includes a detector for determining the presence of the peerdevice and the affinity of the peer device, and a notification generatorfor generating a notification signal indicative the affinity of the peerdevice in response to the determination results.

According to some further embodiments, the device is associated with apredetermined affinity and wherein the detector determines that theaffinity of the peer device matches the predetermined affinity of thedevice. In addition, the affinity of the peer device is indicated by anaffinity code associated with the peer device and the predeterminedaffinity of the device is indicated by a predetermined affinity code.The detector determines the presence of the peer device through awireless connection between the device and the peer device and receivesthe affinity code of the peer device through the wireless connection.

In an alternative embodiment, the detector detects the presence of thepeer device in accordance with a characteristic of the wirelessconnection. The characteristic of the wireless connection includes thestrength of the wireless connection and the detector determines that thestrength of the connection is above a threshold.

In some embodiments, the detector determines the affinity of the peerdevice by comparing the affinity code of the peer device and thepredetermined affinity code of the device. The detector then determinesa match between the affinity code of the peer device and thepredetermined affinity code of the device and generates a triggeringsignal indicative of the match. The notification generator thengenerates the notification signal in response to the trigger signal.According to some further embodiments, the notification signal includesat least one of a light signal, a sound signal, and a text message.

In some alternatively embodiments, a method is provided for signaling anaffinity of a peer device. The method includes detecting the presence ofa peer device, determining the affinity of the peer device in responseto the presence of the peer device, and generating a notificationindicative of the affinity of the peer device.

According to a further embodiment, detecting a presence of the peerdevice further comprises receiving a signal carrying the affinity codeof the peer device through a wireless connection terminated by the peerdevice, and detecting the presence of the peer device in accordance witha characteristic of the received signal. The characteristic of thereceived signal indicates proximity of the peer device.

According to still a further embodiment, the method comprises comparingthe affinity code of the peer device with the predetermined affinitycode, determining that the affinity code of the peer device matches thepredetermined affinity code, and generating a triggering signal fortriggering the notification signal. The notification signal includes atleast one of a light signal, a sound signal, and a text message.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A depicts a plurality of users associated with an interest group,where the devices carries by the users signals the affinity and presenceof the other users;

FIG. 1B depicts the peer devices communicates through communicationnetworks and satellite systems;

FIG. 1C depicts a device that generates a notification when a peerdevice moves outside of a predetermined area of range.

FIG. 2A depicts one embodiment of the device for signaling the affinityof a peer device;

FIG. 2B depicts another embodiment of the device for signaling theaffinity of a peer device;

FIG. 3A depicts a process for detecting and signaling the affinity of auser using a peer device; and

FIG. 3B depicts a process for notifying a user when a peer device movesoutside of a predetermined range or area.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Now turning to the drawings and referring to FIG. 1A, a device 104 isprovided for notifying its user 102 of the affinity of another user 108carrying a peer device 106.

As depicted in FIG. 1A, users 102 and 108 both belong to interest group120, which may include one or more additional users such as user 122.The interest group is assigned an affinity code (e.g., affinity code“123”), which is used by the group members to identify other groupmembers. The affinity code “123” is merely used here as an example. Inpractice, the code can take a variety of forms including any charactersor numbers.

According to one embodiment, devices 104 and 106 may be issued to theusers by the interest group 120 with the affinity code “123” alreadystored therein. Alternatively, the users can purchase the devices on themarket and enter the affinity code into the device based on their need,such as prior to a concert or a sports event.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the device 104 is designed to listen to signal 116transmitted by device 106. According to one embodiment, device 106broadcasts the signal automatically and continuously. Alternatively, ittransmits the signal in a specific direction. Still alternatively,signal 116 is transmitted by device 106 intermittently.

In addition, signal 116 carries the affinity code “123” which identifiesthe user 108 as affiliated with interest group 120. Signal 116, which issuitable for communications, is transmitted from device 106 to device104 via a wireless channel between the two devices. According to thisembodiment, signal 116 allows device 104 reliably establish a wirelessconnection with device 106 when device 104 is within the range of signal116. That is, when distance 118 between devices 104 and 106 is smallerthan the range of the signal 116, the device 104 can detect the presenceof the device 106 based the transmitted signal 116.

In this embodiment, the affinity code “123” may be carried by the signal116 in the form of data packets similar to those in the art of wirelessnetworks. Alternatively, the affinity code is carried by the signal 116by way of signal modulation techniques. Other techniques suitable forcarrying the affinity code in signal 116 can also be implemented in thedevices described herein.

When the two devices are in range and the device 104 receives the signal116, device 104 extracts the affinity code from the received signal andcompares the extracted code with its own affinity code. As shown in FIG.1A, because users 102 and 108 belong to the same interest group andtherefore share the same affinity code, device 104 determines that thecode associated with device 106 matches its own affinity code, therebyrecognizing user 108 to be one of the members of interest group 120.Device 104 then generates an notification signaling to its user 102 thatanother user 108 is within his/her vicinity so that user 102 canproactively search for and identify user 108.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the notification generated by the device 104 maytake various forms. For example, the device 104 may include a lightsource 112 for generating a light signal indicating the presence and theaffinity of the user 108. Alternatively, the device 104 may include asound generator 110 for generating a voice signal to signal the user 102to the presence and the affinity of user 108. Still alternatively, thedevice 104 may include a display device 114 for displaying a text orpictorial message indicating the presence and the affinity of the user108. Still alternatively, the notification may be in the form ofvibrations generated by a circuit embedded in device 104. Stillalternatively, the device 104 may include a combination of these orother signaling mechanisms suitable for notifying the user.

As discussed above, device 104 is able to detect that the user 108 is inthe vicinity of the user 102 when the device 104 is within the range ofthe signal 116. In an open space such as a concert hall or a stadium,the signal range is determined primarily by the power of the signal. Forexample, if the signal 116 takes the form of a Bluetooth signal, then amaximum power of 100 mW is equivalent to a range of about 100 meters,whereas a maximum power of 2.5 mW is equivalent to a range of about 10meters. It should be readily clear to one skilled in the art that therange of the signal 116 determines the geographical area within whichthe device 104 is able to detect the presence of device 106.Specifically, the larger the signal range, the larger the maximumdistance for device 104 to reliably detect the presence of device 106.On the other hand, while a smaller signal range offers a smallerdetection distance, it helps user 102 to more easily spot user 108because, for device 104 to produce the notification, device 106 (anduser 108) must be more proximate to device 104 (and user 102).

According to another embodiment, the device 104 may generate thenotification in a way to help user 102 determine if user 108 isapproaching or leaving so that user 102 can recognize user 108 moreeasily in a crowded environment or in an open space. For example, thelight source 112 may generate a series of light pulses, when device 104detects that the user 108 is in range and that device 106 shares thesame affinity code. In addition, device 104 is able to determine themovement or motion of device 106 so that when user 108 approaches user102, device 104 will increase the pulse frequency to signal user 102that another person in the same interest group is approaching. When user108 is moving away from user 102, device 104 decreases the pulsefrequency. Similarly, speaker 110 may generate a series of “beeps” andadjust the frequency or the volume of the “beeps” according to user102's movement. Still similarly, the display 114 may generate a textmessage indicating whether the other group member 108 is approaching orleaving.

According to another embodiment, the device 104 may determine whether togenerate the notification by analyzing certain characteristic of signal116. For example, signal 116, when received by device 104, has a signalstrength indicating how strong the signal is after traveling throughdistance 118 from device 106 to device 104. Mathematically, the strengthof signal 116 may be presented by the amplitude of the underlying radiowave or other physical parameters. Accordingly, device 104 analyzes thereceived signal 116 and determines if the signal strength is above apredetermined value. When the strength of the signal 116 is at or abovethe threshold and the affinity code carried by the signal matches theaffinity code of device 104, device 104 generates the notification.

In this embodiment, because the signal strength is determined by thedistance traveled by the signal 116, adjusting the threshold value willchange the area (or range) for device 104 to signal the presence andaffinity of device 106. In other words, increasing the threshold willdecrease the area (or range) for the notification to be triggered,because a stronger received signal is required to reach thepredetermined threshold. On the other hand, decreasing the thresholdwill increase the area (or range) for the notification to be triggered,because a lower signal strength is sufficient to reach the threshold.

According to another embodiment, device 104 is able to determine thedistance 118 between devices 104 and 106 by comparing its own locationwith the location of peer device 106. Specifically, device 104 candetermine its own location using a positioning system by receiving andanalyzing a signal such as a GPS signal or other suitable positioningsignals. Alternatively, the device 104 can also determine its locationby performing a triangulation based on signals received from acommunications network. On the other hand, device 106 can also determineits location using similar mechanisms and impart or encode its locationinto signal 116 for transmission to other peer device.

When device 104 receives signal 116, it extracts the affinity code aswell as the location of device 106 from the received signal. Device 104then calculates the distance 118 between the two devices by comparingits own location with the location of device 106. If the affinity codesof devices 104 and 106 match each other and the calculated distance 118is less than a predetermined value, device 104 generates an notificationto signal user 102 to the presence of user 108 and his/her affiliationwith interest group 120.

Compared with other embodiments, this embodiment offers a more accuratedistance calculation because the locations of the devices 104 and 106can be measured very accurately with in a margin of error of only a fewfeet or less. Because of this advantage offered by the positioningfunctionality, device 104 is able to not only signal user 102 to thepresence and affinity of user 108 as describe above, but also to provideuser 102 with precise information about user 108's position andmovements such as the distance 118 between the two users, the travelingspeed of user 108, the traveling direction of user 108, and the time foruser 108 to arrive at user 102's location at the current speed, etc.

Furthermore, as describe above, device 104 can also generate thenotification having a certain pattern, such as a series of light pulseor “beeps,” and adjust the pattern according to the change of distance118 or the movements of user 108.

According to anther embodiment, device 104 may calculate distance 118selecting any one of the techniques described above, depending on theavailability of the signals. For example, in an outdoor space wherethere is no obstruction blocking the signals, device 104 choose to usethe positioning technique to detect the presence of user 108. On theother hand, in an enclosed indoor space where external signal isunavailable, device 104 can user signal 116 to determine the distance118 and detect the presence of user 108 accordingly.

As further depicted in FIG. 1A, the signaling devices described abovemay be integrated in a cell phone or smart phone 132. Alternatively, thesmart phone 132 may be programmed or may carry an application forproviding the signaling functionalities described above. For example,the cell phone 132 carried by user 122 includes an application forsignaling the presence and affinity of user 108 who carries device 106.Similar to the operation described above, when the distance betweendevices 132 and 108 is within the range of signal 126 transmitted bydevice 108, cell phone device 132, as enabled by the program running onit, is able to detect the presence and affinity of the device 106 byanalyzing received signal 126. If, as FIG. 1A shows, users 122 and 108are both affiliated with interest group 120 and devices 132 and 106 bothstore the affinity code “123,” which identifies the interest group 190,phone device 132 generates a notification to notify user 122 of thepresence and the affinity of user 108. For example, phone device 132 maydisplay on its screen a text message showing the information of user 108such as name, age, gender, membership information with respect tointerest group 120, etc. It may also vibrate or generate a sound signalas described above.

According to one embodiment, signals 116 and 126 are different portionsof the same signal broadcasted by device 106. Alternatively, signals 116and 126 are different types of signals or the same type of signal havingdifferent characteristics.

As further depicted in FIG. 1A, devices 104 and 132 not only receivesingles from device 106, they can also transmit signals to device 106 sothat device 106 can detect their presence as well. Signals 117 and 127illustrates the signals transmitted by devices 104 and 132 respectively.Similar to the operations described above, when device 106 receivessignal 117 or 127, it extracts the affinity code associated with device104 or 132, compares it with its own affinity code, and determines theaffinity of user 102 or 122. Device 106 then generates notifications tonotify user 108 of the presence and affinity of user 102 or 122.

Similarly, devices 104 and 132 can also detect the presence and theaffinity of each other through signals 136 and 137 transmitted betweenthem.

According to a further embodiment, when more than two devices come intoa range or area that allows them to detect the presence and affinity ofone another, each of them can also detect the number of peer devicesresiding within its own vicinity. For example, as depicted in FIG. 1A,device 104 detects through singles 116 and 137 that devices 106 and 132are present within the range and that their users (i.e., user 108 and122) are associated with the same interest group identified by affinitycode “123.” In this situation, each one of signals 116 and 137 carriesnot only the affinity code of their respective users 108 and 122, butalso a unique identification that identifies the individual device. Theidentification, when extracted by device 104, allows device 104 todifferentiate device 106 from device 132. Accordingly, device 104generates a notification similar to those described above, as well asdisplays a number (e.g., “2”) indicating the total number of peerdevices that are currently present within its own vicinity. Similarly,devices 106 and 122 can each detect the other peer devices by analyzingsignals 117, 126, 127, 136, and 137. It goes without saying that whenmore than three devices, which are all associated with interest group129, are present within an area, each of these devices can detect anyother peer devices and notify its own user of the affinity of theseother users and the number of peer devices currently residing with thepredetermined range or area.

Now turning to FIG. 1B, it shows another embodiment where, in additionto transmitting signals between each other, peer devices 156 and 160 canalso communicate with one or more communication networks to determinethe presence and affinity of each other or other peer devices.

As depicted in FIG. 1B, device 156 is carried by user 154 associatedwith interest group 152. Similarly, device 160 is carried by user 162who is also associated with interested group 152. Devices 156 and 160can each communicate with satellites 174A and 174B.

Accordingly, device 156 obtains its own location information via asatellite signal 166 from satellite 174A and transmits its own locationinformation to device 160 via signal 158. Similarly, device 160 obtainsits location information via a satellite signal 168A from satellite174A, or via a satellite signal 168B from satellite 174B. Upon receivingaffinity code and the location information from device 156, device 160first determines if the affinity code of device 156 matches its ownaffinity code. When the affinity codes match, device 160 then calculatesthe distance between the two devices by comparing the locationinformation received from device 156 and its own location information.If the distance is within a predetermined area 150, device 160 generatesa notification similar to those described above so that user 162 isaware of the presence of user 154 who shares the same affinity. By wayof similar operations, device 156 can notify user 154 of the presenceand affinity of user 162 as well.

Alternatively, as further depicted in FIG. 1B, devices 156 and 160 cancommunicate with each other via a network 178 and wireless towers oraccess points 172 and 176. In this case, devices 156 and 160 eachdetermine their own location information through satellite signals asdescribed above, or through signals 164 and 170 from wireless towers oraccess points 172 and 176 (e.g., through the wireless triangulationtechnique). Devices 156 and 160 then transmit their location informationto each other through wireless towers or access points 172 and 176 andnetwork 178. Devices 156 and 160 then determine and notify their usersof each other's affinity and presence within the area 150 by comparingthe affinity codes and location information as described above.

Alternatively, devices 156 and 160 can further communicate with a server180 through network 178 and wireless towers or access points 172 and176. For example, both devices 156 and 160 are registered with server180, which stores and manages information of all the devices and usersin the system such as user IDs, device IDs, user profiles, currentlocation of each device, interest groups with which each user isassociated, the affinity code of each interest group, etc. Afterdetermining their own locations, devices 156 and 160 transmits theirlocation and other related information (e.g., their user IDs, deviceIDs, etc.) to server 180, which is equipped with programs to comparetheir affinity codes and locations. If their affinity codes match eachother and the distance between devices 156 and 160 is within thepredetermined range 150, server 180 transmits a signal to each device,thereby triggering the notification.

Additionally, server 180 can transmit the profiles of the users who arealso within the predetermined range to devices 154 and 162. Each devicethen displays the profile of the other user along with the notificationto help their users identify each other as well as other group members.

It is readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the size and shapeof area 150 can be adjusted to suit the needs of the users. In addition,the system depicted in FIG. 1B can include more than two devices andusers. When more than two users carrying their own devices come intoarea 150, each device can detects the presence and affinities of allother peer devices through any one of the method described above. Eachdevice can generate notifications to notify its user that one or moreother users sharing the same affinity are also present within the area150.

In addition, server 180 depicted in FIG. 1B can be further used tomanage a plurality interest groups. For example, server 180 stores aplurality of users, each of whom is associated with one or more interestgroups identified by different affinity codes. Accordingly, devices 156and 160 are equipped with notification generators that generate adifferent notification for each interest group. For example, in additionto the association with interest group 152, user 154 is also associatedwith a different interest group 151, which is identified by a differentaffinity code (e.g., “ABC”). In addition, another user 163 and device161 present within area 150 is also associated with interest group 151.Accordingly, when detecting the presence and the affinity codes of bothdevices 161 and 160, device 156 can generate different notifications fordevices 161 and 160 so that user 154 recognizes that there are membersfrom more than one of his/her interest groups within the area.

FIG. 1C depicts another embodiment, where a device notifies its userswhen a user from the same interest group moves outside of thepredetermined area 190 or breaks a predetermined distance 197. Asdepicted in FIG. 1C, users 191 and 194 are associated with an interestgroup. When device 192 detects that user 194A as well as device 193A hasmoved too far away, either outside of the predetermined range 197 or thepredetermined area 190, both device 192 and 193A generates anotification to notify their users 191 and 194A of the movements of user194A.

Such detection can be achieved by using any of the methods describedabove. For example, device 192 monitors the strength of signal 198A,which decreases as device 193A moves further away from device 192. Whenthe strength diminishes to a level lower than a predetermined value,device 192 determines that device 193A is outside of the predeterminedrange, thereby triggering the notification. Similarly, device 193Amonitors the strength of signal 198B transmitted by device 192 andtriggers the notification when the signal strength is lower than thepredetermined level.

Alternatively, device 192 and device 193A can detect each other'smovements via satellite signals or wireless signals similar to thosedepicted in FIG. 1B, such as signals 166, 168A, 168 B, 164 and 170.

Similar to FIGS. 1A and 1B, more than two devices, such as devices 192,193A and 193B, within the same area, can communicate with one another.When any one of the devices such as devices 193A moves outside of thearea, other devices generate notifications to signal to their users thatdevice 193A (and its user 194A) has moved outside of the area.Furthermore, devices 192 and 193B can display the information of theuser who is moving away from area 190 (e.g., user 194A) to help users191 and 194B identify user 194A.

Additionally, a server similar to that depicted in FIG. 1B can be usedto manage all of the devices and users. As described above, thesedevices including devices 192, 193A and 193B can communicate through theserver to determine the movements of the other peer devices and notifytheir users when any peer device moves outside of the area.

FIG. 2A depicts a block diagram showing the internal structure of adevice 200 for signaling the presence and affinity of a peer device. Thestructure described herein can be implemented in any of the devicesshown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

Specifically, in order to provide the signaling functionalitiesdescribed above, the device 200 includes a transmitter 204, a receiver206, an antenna 222, a processor 210, and a notification generator 216.Some further embodiments of the device 200 also include a memory module208, a position locator 212, an antenna 224, and an input interface 214.

Each module depicted in FIG. 2A can be implemented as a standalonecircuit such as an integrated circuit (IC) for providing variousfunctionalities described herein. Alternatively, two or more modules canbe integrated in to one IC for providing the multiple functionalities.For example, transmitter 218 and the receiver 206 may be integrated intoa transceiver 202 for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. Insome other embodiments, the processor 210 and the transceiver 202 areintegrated into one detector module.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the processor 210 is connected to other componentsfor transmitting and receiving data. Specifically, the receiver 206 isable to receive a signal such as signal 218 transmitted by a peer deviceand convert the received signal into data for processor 210 to analysis.The processor 210 receives the data from the receiver 206, analyzes thedata and extracts the affinity code from the data. The processor 210then compares the extracted affinity code with a predetermined codeassociated with device 200 and determines whether the peer device fromwhich the signal 218 is received is associated with the same affinitycode. If the extracted affinity code is identical to the predeterminedcode, the processor 210 then generates a triggering signal to triggerthe notification generator 216, which in turn generates a notification.

The transmitter 204 is able to transmit via antenna 222 outgoing signalswhich carry the predetermined affinity code associated with device 200.

As described above, the notification generator 216 may include a lightsource such as LEDs, a sound generator such as a speaker, a displaydevice, or a combination of these devices, similar to 110, 112, and 114depicted in FIG. 1A.

The predetermined affinity code may be stored in the internal registersof the processor 210 or the memory 208 which is accessed by theprocessor 210 for reading and writing data. In addition, the memory 208can also store user information such as the user's name, address, dateof birth, interest group, etc. This information can be read by theprocessor 210 and then transmitted through transmitter 204 and antenna222 to peer devices.

Device 200 may further include an input interface 214 for receiving userinputs. For example, the input interface 214 may be a physical keypadfor the user to input the predetermined affinity code and other userinformation such as user's name and phone number directly into thedevice. The user can also use the keypad to adjust the light pattern,sound pattern, and the characteristics of the display. As anotherexample, the interface 214 includes a communication port such as a USBport for connecting to a computer. A user can update or change the dataor configuration of device 200 through operating the computer. Forexample, the user can input the predetermined affinity code into thecomputer which in turn transfers the code to device 200 throughinterface 214. Alternatively, when device 200 is connected to thecomputer through interface 214, the user can use a program running onthe computer to configure device 200 such as changing the light, soundor display pattern. Device 200 can also receive the user information,such as user's name, address, and phone number, from the computerthrough input interface 214.

According to still some embodiments, device 200 further includes aposition locator 212 for determining the location of device 200. Theposition locator 212 can take the form of a GPS receiver that receivesGPS signals from a GPS system and determine the location accordingly.Alternatively, the position locator 212 includes a cellular signalsreceiver which determines the location of device 200 through thecellular signals transmitted by the cellular network. These positioningdevices and techniques are well known in the art and can be readilyimplemented in device 200.

According to still some embodiments, device 200 further includes ahousing 201 and the modules described above are attached or affixed tohousing 201. The housing 201 further includes mechanisms for attachingor affixing to users. For example, housing 201 can take a form of abracelet, a wristband, a belt clip, a necklace, an earring, or otherbodily worn devices. Alternatively, device 200 can be integrated intoother devices such as a cell phone, a PDA, a laptop computer, a wristwatch, etc.

FIG. 2B depicts another embodiment 250 of a device for signalingaffinity of a peer device. Unlike device 200 whose processor 210 isconnected to other components through different internal interfaces,processor 252 in device 250 is connected to other components through asystem bus 266. Data and operation signals are transmitted on bus 266among processor 252, receiver 254, transmitter 256, memory 258,interface 260, position locator 262, and notification generator 264.

FIG. 3A illustrates a process 300 that is implemented in a devicesimilar to those depicted in FIGS. 1A-2B for signaling the affinity of apeer device. In particular, at step 302, an incoming signal from thepeer device is detected. At step 304, the received signal is used todetermine the affinity and presence of the peer device within apredetermined area or range. At step 306, if the peer device is withinthe predetermine area or range and the affinity of the peer device matcha predetermined affinity, the device proceeds to step 308 to notify theuser of the presence and affinity of the peer device; otherwise thedevice goes back to step 302.

According to some further embodiments, the device can use a number oftechniques to detect the presence of the peer device at step 306.

For example, the device determines presence of the peer device based oncharacteristics of the received signal. In one embodiment, the devicesimply determines the strength of the received signal such as theamplitude or the average power of the underlying radio wave. If thestrength of the received signal is above a preset threshold, the devicedetermines that the peer device is within a certain range correspondingto strength of the radio wave.

Alternatively, the device determines the presence of the peer devicebased on its own location information and that of the peer device. Forexample, the device first determines its location via a GPS signal. Itthen determines the location of the peer device from the receivedsignal. The device then calculates the distance between itself and thepeer device. If the distance is less than a preset distance value, thedevice determines the peer device is within the preset range andproceeds to step 308. As another example, the device determines its ownlocation using a mobile positioning technique based on signals receivedfrom a communication network. Similarly, the device determines thepresence of the peer device by comparing its own location with thelocation of the peer device obtained from the received signal. Thepositioning techniques are well known in the art.

As described above, the notification generated by the devices accordingto process 300 includes a light signal, a voice signal, a text message,a pictorial signal or a combination of these signals. Furthermore, thedevice is able to adjust the characteristics of these notificationsaccording to the movement of the peer device.

FIG. 3B illustrates another process 320 that is implemented in a devicesimilar to those depicted in FIGS. 1A-2B for signaling the affinity of apeer device. The device notifies its user when a peer device sharing thesame affinity leaves a predetermined area or move outside of apredetermined range. In particular, at step 322, an incoming signal fromthe peer device is detected. At step 324, the received signal is used todetermine the affinity and presence of the peer device within apredetermined area or range. At step 326, if the peer device is outsideof the predetermine area or range and the affinity of the peer devicematches a predetermined affinity, the device proceeds to step 328 tonotify the user that the peer device is outside of the range; otherwisethe device goes back to step 322.

The above described device and process can be integrated in a Circle ofFriends Energy Bracelet (Frienergy™) utilizing signals including, butnot limited to short or long field radio signals, GPS signals, Bluetoothand Wi-Fi technology to signal the user that another user who shares anaffinity is within a specified proximity. Specifically, the braceletusers input an “affinity” code into the electronic device, such as thosedepicted in FIGS. 1A-2B, affixed to the bracelet, and share that codewith other users based on various affinities, such as friendship ormembership in a particular club, sports team or other organization. Whentwo or more users sharing an affinity code come within a specifiedproximity of each other, one of several colored-coded light bands on thebracelet set to correspond to the particular code illuminates, signalingusers that a friend or other member of the identified group sharing thecode is nearby, and allowing group members to identify one another andannounce their presence.

For example, the affinity code can be shared among friends who input itto the device and set it to correspond to the bracelet's blue lightband, which then illuminates when two or more friends are situatedwithin fifty feet of each other. This signal creates solidarity and asense of belonging among the circle of friends, and allows them toannounce to themselves and others that the circle of friends is nearby.Similarly, members of a sports team can share a code and select one ofthe other colors on the light band to identify the team whenever two ormore members are within a specified proximity of each other. Forromantic interests, a code can be shared and set to correspond to thered light band, which would illuminate to create a light-hearted senseof attraction and unity.

In addition to different colors, flashing light or patterns of shiftingcolors can be used to identify affinity groups. This embodiment can beused for entertainment purposes at rock concerts or other venues wheregroup members can enjoy publicizing and visualizing their presence, andeven aid members of the group in locating one another in light-deprivedor loud venues where cell phones and other means of communication aredifficult to use.

As another example, a college football website can post the code for thecoming weekend's away game. The fans of team can then input the code totheir devices and use the devices to identify one another around town,in bars, or in restaurants before and after the game. This embodimentcan further be extended to employees of large companies, to identify oneanother at conventions or in other venues involving large numbers ofpeople.

According to another embodiment, the signaling device is coupled to orintegrated in a cell phone or PDA, which can be used to send textmessages or convey the profiles of group members found to be withincertain proximity of one another. This embodiment allows strangers whoshare a particular affinity to identify one another in real worldsettings, evaluate one another before introducing them to the otherperson, and make instant decisions on whether or not to associate withthe other person in a given venue. According to this embodiment, a setof codes corresponding to various professions, large memberships ofother identifiable national or worldwide groups can be posted to awebsite before the meeting or conference and used by members to identifyone another when traveling or in other situations.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of valuesherein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referringindividually to each separate value falling within the range, unlessotherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methodsdescribed herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The useof any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the inventionand does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisinvention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for notifying a first user as toone or more other users having one or more affinities in common with thefirst user, the method comprising: receiving, by a first device of thefirst user, information regarding an affinity corresponding to a seconduser; determining, by the first device, that the second user shares theaffinity with the first user and that a second device of the second useris proximate to the first device; generating, by the first device, anotification to the first user regarding the second user; adjusting, bythe first device, the notification to the first user in a first mannerbased on the first and second devices moving closer together; andadjusting, by the first device, the notification to the first user in asecond manner based on the first and second devices moving fartherapart.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:determining, by the first device, that the second user sharing theaffinity with the first user has left the proximity of the first user;and providing, by the first device, a notification to the first userthat the second user sharing the affinity with the first user has leftthe proximity of the first user.
 3. The method according to claim 1,wherein the first device is a mobile device of the first user.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the notification is provided in apictorial or textual manner.
 5. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe notification is provided via a light or a sound.
 6. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the notification is provided viavibration.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the notificationto the first user is provided via a light, wherein the first manner ofadjustment comprises increasing a pulse frequency of the light, andwherein the second manner of adjustment comprises decreasing the pulsefrequency of the light.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein thenotification to the first user is provided via a sound, wherein thefirst manner of adjustment comprises increasing a repetition rate orvolume of the sound, and wherein the second manner of adjustmentcomprises decreasing the repetition rate or volume of the sound.
 9. Amethod for notifying a user of a device as to other users having one ormore affinities in common with the user, the method comprising:receiving, by the device, information regarding one or more affinitiescorresponding to multiple users from multiple devices of the multipleusers which are proximate to the device; determining, by the device, atotal number of users which are proximate to the device and which have afirst matching affinity in common with the device; and providing, by thedevice, a notification as to one or more affinities of the usersproximate to the device, wherein the notification includes thedetermined total number of users which are proximate to the device andwhich have the first matching affinity in common with the device. 10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the device is a server.
 11. Themethod according to claim 9, wherein the device is a mobile device of afirst user.
 12. A method for notifying a user as to other users havingone or more affinities in common with the user, the method comprising:receiving, by a device, information regarding multiple affinitiescorresponding to a first user; receiving, by the device, informationregarding respective affinities corresponding to a second user, a thirduser, and a fourth user; determining, by the device, that the first andsecond users have a first shared affinity in common, that the first andthird users have a second shared affinity in common, and that the firstand fourth users have the second shared affinity in common; andproviding, by the device, a first notification to the first usercorresponding to the first shared affinity and a second notification tothe first user corresponding to the second shared affinity, wherein thefirst and second notifications are different from one another; whereinthe first notification is also provided to a second device of the seconduser; and wherein the second notification is also provided to third andfourth devices of the third and fourth users.
 13. The method accordingto claim 12, wherein the device is a server, and wherein the first andsecond notifications are provided to the first user via a mobile deviceof the first user.
 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein thedevice is a mobile device of the first user.